卷荚相思在福建五台山林场的生长表现

在五台山林场引种卷荚相思3年试验结果表明,卷荚相思能适应林场的立地和气候条件,生长快且好,胸径和树高年生长量分别为3 cm,2.5 m;不同坡向,坡位,立地条件下卷荚相思生长差异显著,试验结果表明,五台山地区比较适合种植卷荚相思,尽管在冬季有严重的霜冻,但试验林未出现严重寒害。     

Variation in infiltration with landscape position: Implications for forest productivity and surface water quality

Variation of infiltration rates with landscape position influences the amount, distribution, and routing of overland flow. Knowledge of runoff patterns gives land managers the opportunity to affect changes that optimize water use efficiency and reduce the risk of water quality impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of landscape position and associated soil properties on infiltration in a small (147 ha) forest/pasture watershed in the Ozark Highlands. Three previously reported studies measured infiltration rates using double ring, sprinkling, single ring, and tension infiltrometers on soils at varying landscape positions. Although large variation in infiltration rates was observed among measurement techniques, upland and side slope soils (Nixa and Clarksville) had consistently lower infiltration rates compared to the soil in the valley bottom (Razort). A conceptual understanding of watershed runoff is developed from these data that includes infiltration excess runoff from the Nixa and Clarksville soils and saturation excess runoff on the Razort soil. Management of the soil water regime based on this understanding would focus on increasing infiltration in upland soils and maintaining the Razort soil areas in forest. Forest productivity would be enhanced by increasing plant-available water in upland soils and decreasing flooding on the Razort soil. Surface water quality would be improved by reducing the transport of potential water contaminants from animal manure applied to upland pastures.     

黄脊竹蝗空间格局及抽样技术的初步研究

本文采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法，对黄脊竹蝗在林间的空间格局进行测定，并采用刀切法给出了聚集度指标的估计区间，3次设计最优拟合提高了回归模型参数的精度；结果表明，黄脊竹蝗在林间为聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群。     

An inventory of Guadua (Guadua angustifolia) bamboo in the Coffee Region of Colombia

Management of renewable natural resources and the corresponding policy formulation should be founded on reliable data and information. This refers both to information on the resource itself and to information on the market situation. In this paper, we present methodology and major results of an inventory of the Guadua resources, in a study area of about 1 million ha within the Coffee Region of Colombia. This inventory produced for the first time sample-based statistical estimations of the Guadua area and growing stock. In the study area, land cover of Guadua patches was estimated to be 3.9% or about 40,000 ha (minimum patch area 0.3 ha). This is higher than figures published earlier. Estimation for mean number of standing culms (including shoots and dry culms) per hectare was 6,940 with a mean diameter at breast height of 10.8 cm, apparent commercial volume of 654 m3/ha, commercial wood volume of 304 m3/ha, oven-dry biomass of 311 ton/ha, and total carbon stock of 156 ton/ha. While the low-intensity sampling approach worked well and may serve as an example for similar studies, we identified a number of issues for further research, particularly in what refers to as the basic mensurational models for Guadua volume and biomass estimation from inventories.     

Leaf-fall phenology along a topography-mediated environmental gradient in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan

Leaf-fall phenology was studied in a cool–temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in central Japan in relation to the topographic environmental gradients that occur along a short mountain slope. Leaf-fall phenology was described quantitatively using data from leaf litter collected along the slope. In autumn, leaf fall at the study site tended to occur slightly earlier on the upper slope than on the lower slope. This pattern was found at both the stand and the species levels. Our results suggest that leaf-fall phenology may be affected by difference in microclimatic conditions, because environmental conditions are thought to be more severe on the upper slope than on the lower slope. The less intensive methods used in this study, the litter trap method, and Dixon’s model succeeded in quantifying the phenological patterns of leaf fall within stands and within species along the short mountain slope.     

浅析出境竹制品检疫的三个关键点

湖州安吉县每年大量的竹制品出境,笔者针对当前竹制品检疫工作中产品水分含量、抽样方法、检疫项目这三个关键点,简要分析了存在的问题以及探讨解决的方法.     

装载机散热器模块进出口位置匹配试验

为提高车辆冷却系统中多散热器模块匹配的性能，对某装载机散热器模块在风洞测试平台上进行试验研究。试验散热器模块第1排是中冷器和液压油冷却器，第2排为水箱，第3排是变矩器油冷器。在风洞上对模块原型和在原型基础上互换变矩器油冷器进出油口位置的变型进行对比试验。试验结果表明，调整进出油口位置，能提高总的散热量，且对模块中单个散热器的性能影响更大。在设计中可以合理布置散热器进出油口位置，使得模块性能更加优异。     

车载式土壤光-电特性参数采集系统研究

土壤电导率是衡量土壤传导电流能力的一种固然属性,除了能够反映土壤质地外,还能够反映土壤的含水率、含盐量、有机物含量等特性。利用土壤光谱数据可以分析出土壤含水率、养分等,且测量过程中无需采样、搅动土壤。通过土壤电导率数据和光谱数据的综合、校正,能够提高系统的精度。基于嵌入式技术开发了土壤电导率和光谱反射率综合检测系统。土壤电导率测量系统采用基于改进的电流-电压四端法原理,使用深松犁的尖端作为电极传感器,能够在测量的同时完成松土的作用。光谱测量系统使用微型光谱传感器采集光谱数据,并进行实时处理。在采集土壤电导率、光谱数据的同时,系统同步采集GPS信息,并和土壤电导率、光谱数据一起保存,供进一步绘制土壤特性分布图使用。系统能够实时综合处理多种数据,并进行显示、保存等操作,具有良好的应用 前景。     

浅谈自然保护区在湖北生态建设中的地位与作用

随着全国野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设工程的实施 ,自然保护区在我省生态环境建设中的地位与作用越来越重要 ,运用生物多样性管护区的理论指导我省的自然保护区建设将是正确认识自然保护区地位与作用的关键所在。     

沙冷杉结实特性的观测

以沙冷杉为材料,对其结实特性进行观测,结果表明:在城市人工栽培条件下,初次结实年龄为40～45 a,与野生植株基本相同,初次结实株率为31.3%;充足的光照可使结实植株和球果数量增加,温度对其无明显影响.球果着生于2 a或3 a生枝条基部,以2 a生枝条基部居多;多集中分布在树冠上部的枝条上.果鳞开裂至有种子与果鳞脱落...